The Effect Of Inorganic Nitrate On Autonomic Nervous...

Effect of Inorganic Nitrate on Autonomic Nervous Activity as Evaluated by Power Spectral Analysis of HRV Abstract Purpose Inorganic nitrate are known to be potentially beneficial to cardiovascular health by being reduced to nitric oxide. Introduction Numerous previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) has been considered as a significant biological regulator which is beneficial for nervous system, cardiovascular system, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, renal system, and immune system. Previous studies have shown it regulates blood flow, muscle contractility, myocyte differentiation, glucose and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. [1] NO is generated in human body via two main pathways. It can be produced from the amino acid L-arginine by enzyme NO synthase (NOS) which is various group of enzyme presenting in body and the reduction of inorganic nitrates. [2] Omer et al. (2012) suggested NO can also be synthesised by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. This synthesis is catalysed by NOS. [3] There are two cofactors that are related to this reaction which includes oxygen and NADPH. Furthermore, three isoforms of NOS have been found including following neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS I), inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS II) and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS III) which mediates immune functions, nervous functions, and endothelial cell functions respectively.[4] Produced NO will be rapidly oxidised to nitrate by oxyhemoglobin and to nitrite

Sociocultural Perspective On Human Behavior And...

Have you ever wondered why do we do things that we do? Why do we act in a certain way? What compels us to follow a path or formulate habits? One perspective among many others is the sociocultural perspective. A sociocultural perspective is an approach to understand why humans behave the way they do. It seeks to understand human behavior and personality development by examining the influence of rules of social groups on individuals who are members of those social groups. Sociocultural approach is an emerging topic that looks at the important contributions that society makes to an individual. The sociocultural approach is based on the assumption that our personalities, beliefs, attitudes and skills are learned from others. It refers to a point of view that is built upon the idea that society and culture are major factors that influence personalities. This approach believes that people are heavily influenced by their social environment. What makes and defines us as individuals is the ap plication of sociocultural approach. For example, if you look outside the window and see a man talking to a tree, what conclusions will you draw? You may think the man is a lunatic and needs some kind of medication. But would your opinion change if you knew that the man was Native American and Native Americans believe in a spiritual philosophy that trees can speak if you listen to them. So you see, the context of culture makes a huge difference in how you ascertain someone’s behavior and that’sShow MoreRelatedHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1320 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Susan Hardin University of Phoenix Abnormal Psychology PSY/410 Krisit Lane, Ph.D. October 25, 2011 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Historical perspectives of abnormal psychology sounds complicated, mainly due to the differing definitions, or interpretations, of what is considered abnormal. Identifying someone at work or in a social situation who appears to be behaving abnormally is easier to spot than it is to define theRead MorePsychology: Behavior and Mental Process1100 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology is the study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes. (Gerrig page 2). I think the field of psychology is divided into several parts: Research, counseling, perspectives, goals, and careers. Research has played a vital role in the psychology. It has identified and helped us to understand how and why people feel, act, and think. Implementing the scientific method enables the results to be both reliable and valid. By employing this precise method, psychologists are ableRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is It Nature Working With Nurture?1550 Words   |  7 PagesIs the question really Nature ve rsus Nurture or is it Nature working with Nurture? These two forces work together to form a person throughout his or her life. Some scientists believe that personality is based on genetic predispositions, which is known as nature. Other scientists believe the way a person acts is from life experiences, the way a person is taught, and the environment in which a person grew up is known as nurture. In all honesty, the two go hand in hand. One side may pull a bit harderRead MoreMental Illness And Child Development881 Words   |  4 PagesMental Illness and Child Development Mental Illness is a prominent occurrence throughout the world and commonly overlooked in the development of children. From psychotic disorders, such as Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder to emotional dysregulation and mood disorders, such as Major Depression and Anxiety children are prone to such occurrences just as adults. Child development is a very broad subject that encompasses an array of environmental and biological factors contributing to theRead MorePsychology : Psychodynamic And Behavioral Perspectives1320 Words   |  6 Pagessix modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining the human behavior. I believe to truly explain the complex mental processes and behavior, each perspective must be examined and not limited to just one. The following is my explanation and comparisons between two of these perspectives: psychodyna mic and behavioral perspectives pertaining to the articleRead MoreThe Ever-Changing Deviant Society Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagescauses of deviance and how deviance has changed throughout the years. So what, really, is deviance? According to John Macionis in Society: The Basics (2008), deviance is â€Å"the recognized violation of cultural norms†. These norms â€Å"guide virtually all human activities, [making] †¦ the concept of deviance quite broad† (Macionis, 2008). In America a cultural norm may range from watching television frequently to going shopping every weekend to eating out at restaurants on a regular basis. Not only do normsRead MoreFamily Youth Communtiy Sciences1484 Words   |  6 Pages 0.0/ 0.4 Points The stage concept assumes that change is A. development is a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with. B. change is fairly sudden rather than gradual and ongoing. C. infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way as adults do. D. development is a smooth, continuous process. Question 3 of 25 0.0/ 0.4 Points Dr. Kudrow views development as open to change in response to influential experiences. Dr. KudrowRead MoreIntimate Relationships Between Estrogens And Androgens1676 Words   |  7 PagesWhen looking at intimate relationships from the varying psychological perspectives one must wonder how it is that any one perspective could be more or less important or contributive than another. Each perspective actually seems to come into play and have a role throughout an intimate relationship. When we first meet someone we decide if we are attracted to that person, we gauge how we physically respond to them this tends to be biologically driven, â€Å"The lust system is proposed to motivate individualsRead MoreThe Role Of Cultural And Social Influences On Our Behavior1301 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent ways psychologists study behaviors and mental processes. Included were the contemporary perspectives, such as behavioral, which focuses on behavior that is observed. Psychodynamic focuses on our fantasies and our hidden motives. Humanistic is all about our free will and conscious choices. Physiological is the relationships between biological processes and behavior. Cognitive perspective is our acquired knowledge, and last but not least is sociocultural, which places great value on the roleRead MoreKemet980 Words   |  4 PagesPARHAM ARTICLE, DESCRIBE AFRICAN PSYCHOLOGY’S INFLUENCE ON AFRICAN AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY. African Psychology can be traced to Ancient Egypt known as Kemet. The people of ancient Egypt studied the human psyche or soul and the higher mental processes as a holistic environment. From their perspective, they believed that there was a continuity and harmony between nature and God. They had three levels components of being which were mental, physical, and spiritual. It was based on religion. They can

Eating Disorders and Alcohol Abuse Essay - 2965 Words

Eating Disorders and Alcohol Abuse The relationship between eating disorders and alcoholism has become a widely researched topic only in the last fifteen years. Since 1985, there have been an increasing number of research and case studies substantiating a correlation between these two behavioral and addictive disorders. Alcoholism affects nearly 14 million United States citizens (http://silk.nih.gov/silk/niaaa1/publication/booklet.htm ). The four basic elements of this disease include a craving for, loss of control over, physical dependence on, and tolerance to alcohol (http://silk.nih.gov/silk/niaaa1/publication/booklet.htm). Unfortunately, there is no cure for alcoholism, although various forms of treatment have become available.†¦show more content†¦The mean age of the subjects was 32 years and 7 months and they were equally divided among the upper two social classes. The goal of this research was to examine the past and present eating habits of female alcoholics to determine whether or not a correlation b etween the two disorders existed. Two methods of research were used to evaluate the subjects: an interview and a questionnaire. One of the authors interviewed each subject individually. The interview consisted of two parts: (1) a detailed assessment of past and present eating behaviors and (2) an evaluation of drinking patterns. The first part of the interview based eating disorders on a variety of patterns, including binge-eating behaviors that lasted for at least 6 months. The second part of the interview used a pre-determined interview created by Stockwell et al. to determine levels of alcohol dependence. The questionnaire consisted of the Eating Attitudes Test, which is a standardized measure of anorectic and bulimic behavior (Lacey et al., 1986: pp. 390). The results of this study supported a correlation between past or present eating disorders and alcoholism. The sample had mild to moderate dependence on alcohol, ranging from continuous to fluctuating intake. 11 members of the sample had experience with binge eating. Nine of the patients had a history of purging to deter weight gain. All of the patients were menstruating and all but one were in normal weight ranges (Lacey et al., 1986). Although sixShow MoreRelated Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesEating Disorders And Substance Abuse Common Eating Disorders: The two most common eating disorders are bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Both disorders, primarily affect young women, therefore the majority of the research on eating disorders has been done with women subjects. The onset of bulimia is between adolescence and early adulthood while the onset of anorexia is between early and late adolescence. Not only is the onset different but the disorders are unique. Bulimia nervosa isRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa951 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are a sickness that can come from psychological issues and it can disrupt the everyday diet. â€Å"A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control.† The common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is when someone see’s themselves as an overweight person, so they watch what they eat since, they have a fear of becoming overweightRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa974 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders, are a sickness that can come from psychological issues and it can disrupt the everyday diet. â€Å"A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control† (â€Å"Eating Disorder,† n.d.). The common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is when someone see’s themselves as an overweight person, so they watch what they eat since, they haveRead MoreEating Disorders And Body Image1613 Words   |  7 Pages Eating disorders and body image Cenia Xu Father Michael Mcgivney Catholic Academy Effects of Eating disorders have on teenagers Every day, teenagers are surrounded by different messages from different sources that impact the way they feel about the way they look. For some, poor body image is a sign of a serious problem: an eating disorder. Eating disorders are not just about food.The eating disorders containRead MoreBulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder1420 Words   |  6 PagesBulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that consists of the distortion on one’s body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight. It involves binge eating which is the rapid ingesting of large amounts of food, commonly followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging that is accompanied by depression. An individual with bulimia will attempt to avoid weight gain by vomiting or using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. It is common to see a bulimic individual restrict their food intake or exercise excessivelyRead MoreSex, Drugs, And Pressure1065 Words   |  5 Pagesmixed alcohol and drugs before intercourse. â€Å"In a random survey of 1,200 adolescents and young adults ages 13 to 24 throughout the United States, the Kaiser Family Foundation found that 81 percent reported that they have had intercourse, and 50 percent agreed that people their age mix alcohol and drugs a lot.† (Malick) I’ve been talking about teens that made the choice to have sex but most teens don’t make that choice. Some are taken advantage of and raped because of drugs and alcohol. STD’sRead MoreA Broad Spectrum Of Eating Disorders1066 Words   |  5 Pagesbroad spectrum of eating disorders. Bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia nervosa (AN) (two basic types, restrictive (ANR) and binge-purge (ANBP)), and binge eating disorder (BED). People with eating disorders often have a morphed perception of their body. Often they feel the need to be perfect, and when they do not look perfect to themselves they feel great shame. Which in effect causes suicide ideation, because they feel they do not deserve to live. It appears that eating disorders may carry the highestRead MoreRelationship Between Mental Health And Addiction1470 Words   |  6 PagesIf you or someone you love is seeking treatment for a substance abuse related disorder in addition to a psychiatric disorder, you will come across two terms in your research: co-occurring disorders and dual diagnosis. Right off you may be more concerned about simply getting help for your addiction. Maybe it has caused you to lose your job and your family is in tatters. It s important to note that when substance abuse and mental illness co-occur specialized treatment is needed. First, however, youRead MoreEffects Of Advertisements On American Youth1458 Words   |  6 Pagesbody looks like. Today commercials showcase unrealistic versions of the average male and female, causing an increase in eating disorders each year. Advertisements also influence young people by convincing them that it is okay to drink and that there will be no consequences. Advertisements do no t show the long term effects that can happen to an individual when they start abusing alcohol; such as the need for blood transfusions or having seizures. They only show the scene where people seem to be havingRead MoreWhy Athletes Are Becoming An Elite Athlete909 Words   |  4 Pagesathlete’s health whether it be from alcohol and/or drug abuse, and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or other disordered eating patterns. Both problems could be detrimental to the individual’s health and both raise ethical dilemmas for a coach to consider. In this paper we will further discuss the issues associated with both drug or substance abuse and eating disorders in athletes. The first topic that will be discussed is an eating disorder known as Anorexia nervosa. Anorexia

Staying Strong free essay sample

â€Å"Isabelle, come party with us!† As a sixteen-year-old, peer pressure can be dangerous. But I’m thankful for what I’ve seen within my friends and family. It keeps me away from drugs. As my friends and I grew up, some achieved high grades while other achieved a different kind of high. As for me, I started to become jealous of my friends with 4.0’s and ashamed of the others. I wanted to prove I could be as good of a student as my friends were. So I put all of my effort in school. With the goals I set for myself, I knew I needed to do this. And I did it. I raised all of my grades. My old â€Å"friends† still ask me to party with them. But I have seen how they have lost themselves in drugs and I have seen how one of my family members has also. We will write a custom essay sample on Staying Strong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s not who I am or who I want to be. I will be bringing to your college strength, by sticking to what I believe and believing in myself; I will bring concentration and determination with my school work, and I believe that’s why I make a good fit. I will not give into peer pressure and I will do all I need to do to get the best education.