The Effect Of Inorganic Nitrate On Autonomic Nervous...

Effect of Inorganic Nitrate on Autonomic Nervous Activity as Evaluated by Power Spectral Analysis of HRV Abstract Purpose Inorganic nitrate are known to be potentially beneficial to cardiovascular health by being reduced to nitric oxide. Introduction Numerous previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) has been considered as a significant biological regulator which is beneficial for nervous system, cardiovascular system, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, renal system, and immune system. Previous studies have shown it regulates blood flow, muscle contractility, myocyte differentiation, glucose and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. [1] NO is generated in human body via two main pathways. It can be produced from the amino acid L-arginine by enzyme NO synthase (NOS) which is various group of enzyme presenting in body and the reduction of inorganic nitrates. [2] Omer et al. (2012) suggested NO can also be synthesised by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. This synthesis is catalysed by NOS. [3] There are two cofactors that are related to this reaction which includes oxygen and NADPH. Furthermore, three isoforms of NOS have been found including following neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS I), inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS II) and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS III) which mediates immune functions, nervous functions, and endothelial cell functions respectively.[4] Produced NO will be rapidly oxidised to nitrate by oxyhemoglobin and to nitrite